The magnocellular oxytocin system, the fount of maternity: adaptations in pregnancy. Emerging concepts of structure-function dynamics in adult brain: the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Role of the second-messenger cyclic-adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose on adrenocorticotropin secretion from pituitary cells. Novel mechanism of intracellular calcium release in pituitary cells. Nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-sensitive calcium stores initiate insulin signaling in human beta cells. CD38 disruption impairs glucose-induced increases in cyclic ADP-ribose, i, and insulin secretion. NAADP, cADPR and IP3 all release Ca 2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and an acidic store in the secretory granule area. Organelle selection determines agonist-specific Ca 2+ signals in pancreatic acinar and beta cells. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-mediated calcium signaling. Formation and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose catalyzed by lymphocyte antigen CD38. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose by human leukocyte antigen CD38 and inhibition of the hydrolysis by ATP. Recent advances in the Okamoto model: the CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system and the regenerating gene protein (Reg)-Reg receptor system in beta-cells. Cyclic ADP-ribose as a second messenger revisited from a new aspect of signal transduction from receptors to ADP-ribosyl cyclase. The independent effect of drug resistance on T cell activation in HIV infection. In-tandem insight from basic science combined with clinical research: CD38 as both marker and key component of the pathogenetic network underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Physiological functions of cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP as calcium messengers. These results reveal that CD38 has a key role in neuropeptide release, thereby critically regulating maternal and social behaviours, and may be an element in neurodevelopmental disorders. Depolarization-induced OT secretion and Ca 2+ elevation in oxytocinergic neurohypophysial axon terminals were disrupted in CD38 -/- mice this was mimicked by CD38 metabolite antagonists in CD38 +/+ mice. Replacement of OT by subcutaneous injection or lentiviral-vector-mediated delivery of human CD38 in the hypothalamus rescued social memory and maternal care in CD38 -/- mice. Consistently, the plasma level of oxytocin (OT), but not vasopressin, was strongly decreased in CD38 -/- mice. Here we show that adult CD38 knockout (CD38 -/-) female and male mice show marked defects in maternal nurturing and social behaviour, respectively, with higher locomotor activity. CD38, a transmembrane glycoprotein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, catalyses the formation of Ca 2+ signalling molecules, but its role in the neuroendocrine system is unknown.
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